June 15, 2019
A senior fellow at the Institute of Global Affairs at the London School of Economics parses the ramifications and perplexity of today's "disinformation" wars. Pomerantsev (Nothing Is True and Everything Is Possible: The Surreal Heart of the New Russia, 2015) offers a singular perspective on the new forms of influence campaigns promulgated on social media and the internet by mysterious entities worldwide. "We live in a world...where the means of manipulation have gone forth and multiplied," he writes, "a world of dark ads, psy-ops, hacks, bots, soft facts, fake news, deep fakes, brainwashing, trolls, ISIS, Putin, Trump." The author is the child of dissident writers pursued for years by the KGB for their outspokenness. For his parents, the words "freedom" and "democracy" were not empty husks. Pomerantsev alternates his family's personal saga with his journalistic sifting through the "wreckage" of the last few years' information campaigns to find how the "meaning of freedom of speech [was flipped] on its head to crush dissent." For example, he begins by tracking the disinformation campaign that led to the presidency of Manila's anti-drug strongman Rodrigo Duterte in 2016: essentially, by discrediting the liberal internet-based news site Rappler. The trolls behind this effort were traced to a "troll farm" in a suburb of St. Petersburg, Russia, where they pumped out "fake reality" incessantly. Ultimately, its tentacles reached America in the form of fake social media accounts. The author then shifts to the now-famous tactics of Srdja Popovic, a Serbian political activist who is in demand across the globe for his expertise in overthrowing dictators. Perversely, the Kremlin co-opted these methods to "strengthen the dictator." Parodying protests, creating discord to "confuse, dismay, divide and delay"--these and other tactics have been used in the upheavals in Ukraine, Syria, England (Brexit), and, of course, in the U.S. during the presidential election of 2016, which, frustratingly, the author scarcely touches. In fact, much of the author's exploration barely scratches the surface, and the memoir aspect is tentative. A work that one wishes would dig much deeper.
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